"At first you think that your sadhana is a limited part of your life. In time you realize that everything you do is part of your sadhana."

-Ram Dass

2. Mindfulness

Mindfulness, the practice of paying full attention to the present moment with a non-judgmental attitude

Mindfulness is not something to be practiced. It is the natural state of being aware.

When you are not lost in thought, you are simply here — fully present, effortlessly. There is no need to force anything or strive for some ideal state. 

The mind wanders; you notice. Sensations arise; you notice. Emotions come and go; you notice.

Mindfulness is the quiet recognition that awareness is already present — before thought, during thought, and after thought. It is not something you do. It is what you are.

By resting as awareness itself, life unfolds naturally. Every experience is met without resistance, without clinging, without labeling. In this natural openness, the division between “me” and “the world” softens and disappears.

Mindfulness is not a technique. It is simply the recognition that you are already here.

"Accept - then act. Whatever the present moment contains, accept it as if you had chosen it. Always work with it, not against it. Make it your friend and ally, not your enemy. This will miraculously transform your whole life."

-Eckhart Tolle

3. Self-Observation

As you observe your thoughts without judgment, you begin to see their fleeting nature. What once felt heavy and binding starts to lose its grip. You are no longer swept away so easily, no longer compelled to chase every story the mind spins.

Little by little, a space opens. In that space, silence begins to shine through.

The wise no longer seek to change anything. They stay quiet longer. They find themselves having more patience. They discover that they no longer react to everything. They begin to look inward and start to work on themselves.

They find, more and more, that they are watching their thoughts, actions and reactions — watching anger, depression, jealousy, and all the rest — until everything they once thought they were is seen for what it truly is.

Self-observation is not about controlling the mind or stopping thoughts. It is about resting as the witness and letting the noise settle on its own. And as it settles, something deeper is revealed — not created, but uncovered.

This is where self-observation naturally leads: the stillness of your true Self. From here, the inquiry “Who am I?” arises not as an intellectual exercise, but as a living invitation into the heart of reality itself.

"As you practice observation of your thoughts and mindfulness, your mind becomes quieter, and quieter and quieter. And to the extent your mind becomes quieter and quieter, to that extent does your consciousness become revealed to you as absolute reality."

-Robert Adams

"How many lives are frittered away, age after age, in endless coming and going. Find out who you are!"

-Anandamayi Ma

5. Neti Neti: Not This, Not This

Neti Neti means “not this, not this.” It is the ancient path of negation—discerning what you are not by gently discarding every false identification:

  • I am not the body.
  • I am not my emotions.
  • I am not my thoughts.
  • I am not my memories or beliefs.

As each layer is seen through, what remains is the silent witness—the pure awareness that never comes or goes. That alone is the Self.

The Self is not something to be gained or constructed. It is what remains when all that is false falls away. It is not a future achievement—it is what you are, here and now.
Self-Inquiry, by contrast, does not begin with negation. It turns directly toward the “I” that claims all these layers.
It asks: Who am I?
Rather than removing illusions one by one, Self-Inquiry goes straight to the root: the “I”-thought itself.

Both Neti Neti and Self-Inquiry lead inward. One removes what you are not. The other reveals what you are.

"By saying ‘I am not this, I am not that,’ you eliminate everything. Until nothing remains—but you cannot eliminate the Self."

-Nisargadatta

"Abidance in the Self is the thing. That alone matters. That is the aim of all spiritual practice." 

-Ramana Maharshi

"Ceaseless practice is essential until one attains without the least effort that natural and primal state of mind which is free from thought, in other words, until the 'I', 'my' and 'mine' are completely eradicated and destroyed."

-Ramana Maharshi

"To always be aware consciously in all situations of the I-am. No matter what you're doing, where you are, be aware of the I-am in your heart. This is the most effective practice."

-Ramana Maharshi

"Self-inquiry is not a method. It is the end of all methods."

-Nisargadatta

"The seeker is he who is in search of himself. Give up all questions except one: ‘Who am I?’ After all, the only fact you are sure of is that you are. The ‘I am’ is certain. The ‘I am this’ is not. Struggle to find out what you are in reality."

-Nisargadatta

"As long as there are tendencies towards sense objects in the mind, the enquiry ‘Who am I?’ is necessary. Be as you are."

-Ramana Maharshi

"Pursue the enquiry ‘Who am I?’ relentlessly. Analyse your entire personality. Try to find out where the I-thought begins. Go on with your meditations. Keep turning your attention within. One day the wheel of thought will slow down and an intuition will mysteriously arise. Follow that intuition, let your thinking stop, and it will eventually lead you to the goal.

As you go on you will find that your attitude towards people, events and objects will gradually change. Your actions will tend to follow your meditations of their own accord."